The Level of Awareness among Dental Students at Herat University Faculty of Stomatology Regarding HIV Prevention and Transmission
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Abstract
Background: HIV poses significant public health challenges in Afghanistan due to stigma, fragmented health systems, and inadequate education. In dental settings, where exposure to blood and body fluids is unavoidable, comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission, universal precautions, and ethical responsibilities is essential for safety.
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed HIV knowledge among the 191 male dental students, selected via systematic random sampling, at Herat University in 2023-2024. A validated questionnaire evaluated general HIV/AIDS awareness, transmission modes, and infection prevention/control. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests in SPSS v25. Female students were excluded due to sociocultural barriers, representing a study limitation.
Results: The overall mean knowledge score was 66.47% (general knowledge: 71.41%, transmission: 63.69%, and prevention: 64.32%). Only 31.68% of students reported receiving formal HIV education through university curricula. A significant knowledge decline occurred among third-year (42.77%) and fourth-year (46.06%) students, whereas fifth-year students scored highest (69.35%), revealing a mid-study "valley of knowledge." The differences between academic years were statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness, significant educational gaps persist. The lack of structured HIV education compromises the clinical competence and ethical preparedness of future dentists. Integrating mandatory, updated HIV modules; covering biomedical, psychosocial, and infection control components, into the Afghan dental curriculum is essential.
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