_1747117288 20250513105128000 Ghalib University sayedhussain.mosawi@ghalib.edu.af GHALIB UNIVERSITY Afghanistan Journal of Infectious Diseases AJID 2959-6491 05 13 2025 3 1 10.60141/ajid.v3.i1 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/issue/view/12 Abdul Shakur Hashimi Hadia Azami Sayed Hussain Mosawi Ahmad Jamsid Mehrpoor Salih Morad Gunsh Afghan Background: Pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) is a significant public health concern, particularly among schoolchildren, because apart from physical symptoms, it also leads to their psychological distress, social stigma, and negative impacts on their school attendance and learning. Despite its global impact, there is a lack of research on this issue in Afghanistan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among male schoolchildren from Jan to Dec 2023, in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Data were collected through physical examination and a structured questionnaire, which gathered information on participants’ demographics, socioeconomic status, physical characteristics, environmental factors, and hygiene practices. Statistical analysis of the prevalence and associated risk factors was performed using SPSS. Results: Of the 306 participants, 26 (8.5%) had head lice infestation. Significant associations were observed between longer hair and higher infestation rates, as well as between older bathrooms and higher prevalence. Children from higher-income families had lower infestation rates, as did those with sweaty scalps. No significant associations were found with age, grade level, family size, parental education, physical traits, hair-washing products, or animal contact. Conclusion: This study offers critical baseline data on pediculosis capitis in Afghanistan and highlights the need for targeted public health interventions. It also establishes the basis for future research on the socio-economic and environmental factors contributing to lice infestations in the region. 01 21 2025 74 82 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.60141/ajid.88 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/view/88 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/download/88/95 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/download/88/95