_1747119251 20250513112411000 Ghalib University sayedhussain.mosawi@ghalib.edu.af GHALIB UNIVERSITY Afghanistan Journal of Infectious Diseases AJID 2959-6491 05 13 2025 3 1 10.60141/ajid.v3.i1 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/issue/view/12 Farnaz Naderalvojood Ebrahim Sadeghi Mehran Noroozi Amir Nasimfar Background: Infection with Candida species has been increased globally during the past decade. This can be due to the increase in the number of patients with immunodeficiency problems like cancer, HIV AIDs, organ transplantation and hospitalization in ICUs. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of the fungal colonization and related species in chemotherapy-subjected children with malignancy. Methods: Present analytical-applied research was conducted on 128 chemotherapy-subjected children with malignancy. Blood and urine samples were collected from all the patients; afterwards, the urine samples were cultivated on Saborrads Dextrose Agar and the blood samples in ordinary culture bottles (monophasic culture method and blood culturing). Then, the developed fungi were separated from the culture medium and subjected to identification tests. Results: There was no significant relationship between the age group and infection with fungus (P=0.998) but there was a significant relationship between gender and fungus infection (P=0.049) in such a way that fungus infection was found more prevalent amongst the females. Overall, 28 individuals (58.33%) were found infected with C. albicans; 9 (18.75%) with C. tropicalis; 5 (10.42%) with C. glabrata; 3 (6.25%) with C. kefir; 2 (4.116%) with C. krusei and 1 (2.09%) with C. parapsilosis. Conclusion: C. albicans is the most common species in this geographical area. The best treatment for these infectious diseases is voriconazole. 01 21 2025 39 45 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.60141/ajid.77 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/view/77 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/download/77/96 https://www.ajid.ghalib.edu.af/index.php/ajid/article/download/77/96