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Genetic variation of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasites in birds of Iran
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10.60141/AJID/V.2.I.1.7
Genetic variation of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasites in birds of Iran
<p><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Plasmodium</em> and <em>Haemoproteus</em> are common parasites transferred to birds by Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, and Hippoboscidae vectors. These parasites are of particular concern to healthcare researchers and veterinarians due to their impact on avian malaria, association with other animals and humans, and phylogenetic link with human <em>Plasmodium</em> species.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This bibliographic review article was designed to deliver a report on the avian malaria infections of <em>Plasmodium</em> spp. and <em>Haemoproteus</em> spp. in birds in Iran. Published reports in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used for this revision until April 2023.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> The highest number of recorded infections with <em>Haemoproteus</em> spp. and <em>Plasmodium</em> spp. was found in Passeridae, as revealed by genetic analysis of <em>Cytb</em> DNA sequences. In this revision, following preceding investigations, the overall prevalence of <em>Haemoproteus </em>spp. was greater than that of <em>Plasmodium </em>spp. discovered by molecular techniques in Iran. Besides, the frequency of published genetic variants (lineages) of <em>Haemoproteus</em> is higher than that of <em>Plasmodium.</em> Our result indicated that the frequency of novel genetic variants <em>Haemoproteus </em>and <em>Plasmodium </em>in published reports was 38% and 12.5% of diagnosed lineages, respectively.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The region needs more studies to detect parasites in unexplored hosts and vectors, as there is a lack of research. Understanding the prevalence, epidemiology, transmission approach, and vectors of avian blood parasites is crucial for pet health care, zoos, parks, aviaries, and rehabilitation facilities.</p>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
2024
Malaria
PCR
blood parasites
Haemosporidian
Veterinary
Iran
Leila
Nourani
Pasteur Institute of Iran
IR
le.nourani90@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-2480
<p>Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran</p>
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2024
Second Volume, First issue, january 2024
51-62