132
Sero E.g Saveh R2.docx
author commitment - 1.pdf
Cover letter- AJID.docx
author commitment - 1.docx
7- AJID OA Motevali haghi Jan 2026 RTG.pdf
7- AJID OA Motevali haghi Jan 2026 RTG.pdf
135
10.60141/ajid.132
Seroprevalence of Human Anti-Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Saveh, Central Iran
<p><strong>Background:</strong> We aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of anti- <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> (<em>E. granulosus</em>) antibodies in humans in Saveh, Central Iran.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A random sample of 199 participants referred to the health centers in Saveh, Markazi Province, central Iran was selected. Informed consent was obtained, and the participants completed a questionnaire. Three milliliters of venous blood were collected in the Parasitology Laboratory of Saveh University of Medical Sciences. The Pishtaz Teb ELISA kit was used to detect anti-<em>E. granulosus</em> antibodies, following the manufacturer’s protocol.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> The seroprevalence of anti-<em>E. granulosus</em> antibodies was 6%. The prevalence was slightly higher in men (6.9%) than in women (5.1%). The 26–40 yr age group had the highest prevalence (11.1%). Most participants were freelancers, and this group exhibited the highest seroprevalence (11.4%). There was no statistically significant association between antibody presence and age, sex, occupation, or place of residence. Among the 30 participants who kept dogs, 4 tested positive. A personal or family history of hydatid cysts was not significantly associated with seropositivity. Of the 15 participants who did not wash vegetables with disinfectants, 2 were antibody-positive. Not washing hands before eating was significantly associated with infection, with 18.5% of those who did not wash their hands testing positive (<em>P</em>=0.001).</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The presence of anti-<em>E</em>. <em>granulosus</em> antibodies in Saveh indicates ongoing exposure and an elevated risk of infection. Implementing preventive measures—such as regular monitoring and screening, health education, and reducing contact with stray dogs—is essential to control hydatidosis in this region.</p>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ali Ehsan Shahbazi, Nastaran Barati, Salman Zafari, Elmira Roshani Asl, Nematollah Azizi, Mehran Bakhtiari, Eissa Soleymani, Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi, Mahdi Fakhar
2026
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst
Seroprevalence
Iran
Ali Ehsan
Shahbazi
Department of Medical Parasitology, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
IR
Shahbazy1354@yahoo.com
Nastaran
Barati
Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
IR
n.barati@umsha.ac.ir
Salman
Zafari
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teh-ran, Iran
IR
salman.zafari1376@gmail.com
Elmira
Roshani Asl
Departmen of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
IR
eli.roshani@yahoo.com
Nematollah
Azizi
Department Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
IR
Nematazizi2000@yahoo.com
Mehran
Bakhtiari
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Ham-adan, Iran
IR
mehran73b@yahoo.com
Eissa
Soleymani
Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
IR
Soleymanieissa@gmail.com
Seyedmousa
Motavallihaghi
6. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Ham-adan, Iran
IR
mousamotevalli@gmail.com
Mahdi
Fakhar
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sci-ences, Qom, Iran
IR
mahdifakhar53@gmail.com
<p>second corresponding author</p>
177
PDF
0
Rokni M. The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008;102(4):283–95.
Davoodi L, Kordi S, Azordeh M, Bahadori A, Bahrami F, Tabarestani M, et al. Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis and Survey of Risk Factors in Rural Areas of Qaemshahr, Iran 2019. JMUMS. 2020;30(190):139–45.
Muller R, Wakelin D. Worms and human disease: CABi; 2002.
Roberts M, Lawson J, Gemmell M. Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: mathematical model of the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus. J Parasitol. 1986;92(3):621–41.
Anahita N, Eissa S, Lotfollah D. Ovarian Cancer or Hydatidosis? A Case Report.
Iran J Parasitol. 2018;13(3).
Thompson R. The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Exp Parasitol. 2008;119(4):439–46.
Mousavi S, Samsami M, Fallah M, Zirakzadeh H. A retrospective survey of human hydatidosis based on hospital records during the period of 10 years. J Parasit Dis. 2012;36(1):7–9.
Salehi M, Yaghfoori S, Bahari P, Seyedabadi M, Parande Shirvan S. Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato from Livestock in North Khorasan Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2018;13(4): 577-586.
Rausch R, Schiller EL. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska: XXV. The ecology and public health significance of Echinococcus sibiricensis Rausch & Schiller, 1954, on St Lawrence Island. Parasitology. 1956;46(3-4):395–419.
Davoodi L, Soleymani E, Sobhanian P, Hosseinzadeh M, Baradaran M, Banimostafavi ES, et al. Multi-venous thrombosis associated with a perforated hydatid cyst: A rare case report and comprehensive literature review. IDCases. 2025;41:e02297.
Davoudabadi E, Kazemi B, Hagh-Panah B, Bandehpour M, Bahadoran M, Moradi M, et al. Stability Determination of Recombinant Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B Kit by Physical and Bacteriostatical Methods. J Isfahan Med. 2013;31(237).
Ortona E, Riganò R, Margutti P, Notargiacomo S, Ioppolo S, Vaccari S, et al. Native and recombinant antigens in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol. 2000;22(11):553–9.
Rokni MB. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol; 2009. 4(2):1-16.
Darani HY, Avijgan M, Karimi K, Manouchehri K, Masood J. Seroepidemiology of hydatid cyst in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2003;32(2):31–3.
Harandi MF, Moazezi S, Saba M, Grimm F, Kamyabi H, Sheikhzadeh F, et al. Sonographical and serological survey of human cystic echinococcosis and analysis of risk factors associated with seroconversion in rural communities of Kerman, Iran. Zoonoses Public Health. 2011;58(8):582–8.
Heidari Z, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Alizadeh Z, Molaei S, Dogaheh HP, Mirzanejad-Asl H. Seroprevalence of Human hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, north-west of Iran. Iran.J.Public Health. 2021;16(4):593.
Safarpour AR, Omidian M, Pouryousef A, Fattahi MR, Sarkari B. Serosurvey of Cystic Echinococcosis and Related Risk Factors for Infection in Fars Province, Southern Iran: A Population‐Based Study. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022(1):3709694.
Sarkari B, Sadjjadi S, Beheshtian M, Aghaee M, Sedaghat F. Human cystic Echinococcosis in Yasuj district in Southwest of Iran: an epidemiological study of seroprevalence and surgical cases over a ten‐year period. Zoonoses Public Health. 2010;57(2):146–50.
Asghari M, Mohebali M, Kia EB, Farahnak A, Aryaeipour M, Asadian S, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Arak, central Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(4):391.
Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Esboei BR, Soosaraei M, Ghorbani A, Nabyan N, et al. Serological evidence of human cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among general population in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Ann Med Surg. 2017;18:1–5.
Moradi H, Maroufi Y, Dabirzadeh M. Seroepidemiology of human hydatid cyst in Shahrebabk using ELISA. JMUMS. 2016;25(133):315–8.
Shafiei R, Taghasi F, Hashemi SA, Panahi Y, Arefkhah N, Omidian M, et al. Seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis using recombinant antigen B-ELISA in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(3):592.
Ghatee MA, Nikaein K, Taylor WR, Karamian M, Alidadi H, Kanannejad Z, et al. Environmental, climatic and host population risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in southwest of Iran. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1611.
Veit P, Bilger B, Schad V, Schäfer J, Frank W, Lucius R. Influence of environmental factors on the infectivity of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. Parasitol. 1995;110(1):79–86.
Khabisi SA, Marghzari M, Almasi SZ, Khorashad AS, Etemadi S. Seroprevalence of hydatid cyst and related risk factors in humans referred to urban health centers of Zahedan city, southeast Iran. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health, 2021. 2021;11:100789.
Baharsefat M, Massoud J, Mobedi I, Farahnak A, Rokni M. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis in Golestan Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2007;2(2):20–4.
Hassan AH. Epidemiological Characteristics of Hydatid Cyst Disease Crucial for Targeted Public Health Interventions in Endemic Areas. Integr Biomed Sci. 2024;8(6):1–6.
Barati R, Sharifi-Sarasiabi K, Hamedi Y, Matini M, Shamseddin J. Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in Kaboodarahang, Hamadan Province, Iran, in 2016-2017. Hormozgan HMJ. 2018;22(4):1–5.
Khamesipour F, Shojaat S, Basirpour B, Kheiri P, Afzal S, Chelgerdi B, et al. Infection status of hydatid cysts in Iran: A review. IDHM. 2021;2(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/idhm.2021.125
Fakhar M, Keighobadi M, Hezarjaribi HZ, Montazeri M, Banimostafavi ES, Sayyadi S, et al. Two decades of echinococcosis/hydatidosis research: Bibliometric analysis based on the web of science core collection databases (2000–2019). Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2021;25:e00137.
Conroy PJ. Immunoassay-Based Detection of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Immunoassays (1st ed): Jenny Stanford Publishing; 2017. p. 191–220.
Hajjafari A, Sadr S, Santucciu C, Masala G, Bayat M, Lotfalizadeh N, et al. Advances in detecting cystic echinococcosis in intermediate hosts and new diagnostic tools: a literature review. Vet Sci. 2024;11(6):227.
Aydin Y, Altuntas B, Kaya A, Ulas AB, Uyanık MH, Eroglu A. The availability of echinococcus IgG ELISA for diagnosing pulmonary hydatid cysts. EJMO. 2018;50(3):144.
Ishida M, Rubinsky-Elefant G, Ferreira A, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Vaz A. Helminth antigens (Taenia solium, Taenia crassiceps, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus) and cross-reactivities in human infections and immunized animals. Acta Trop. 2003;89(1):73–84.
Gomez-Puerta L, Vargas-Calla A, Castillo Y, Lopez-Urbina MT, Dorny P, Garcia HH, et al. Evaluation of cross-reactivity to Taenia hydatigena and Echinococcus granulosus in the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12(1):57.
Sarkari B, Rezaei Z. Immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: where do we stand? World J Methodol. 2015;5(4):185.
Pagnozzi D, Tamarozzi F, Roggio AM, Tedde V, Addis MF, Pisanu S, et al. Structural and immunodiagnostic characterization of synthetic antigen B subunits from Echinococcus granulosus and their evaluation as target antigens for cyst viability assessment. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(9):1342–51.
4
1
2026
Fourth Volume, First issue, January 2026
57-65